• 15835421786     一般过去时

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    英语基础知识点:一般过去时态


    一、概念
    表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(刚才),just now(刚才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如: I went to bed ateleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡觉。

    二、动词过去式的构成规律
    (一)规则动词的过去式
    1、一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→played;
    2、以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;
    3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
    4、以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;
    (二)不规则动词的过去式
    1、改变动词中的元音;
    begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got
    2、变词尾的–d 为–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
    3、与动词原形一样; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
    4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词); say→said pay→paid lay→laid
    5、采用不同词根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
    6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

    三、句式变化
    (一)一般过去时的一般疑问句
    1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不变。由Was…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为:Yes,… was. 否定回答为:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:Yes,… were. 否定回答为:No,… weren’t. 如:
    (1)I was born in Shanghai. →Wereyou born in Shanghai?
    →Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
    (2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.
    →Were they in Li Yan’s home lastnight?
    →Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
    2、在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词did来引导,其余的语序不变。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如:
    John played computer games lastnight.
    →Did John play computer gameslast night?
    →Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
    (二)一般过去时的否定句
    1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。
    如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day beforeyesterday.
    (2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.
    2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即:didn’t + 动词原形。如:
    (1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.
    (2) They swam in the lakeyesterday. →They didn’t swim in thelake yesterday.
    (三) 一般过去式的特殊疑问句
    1.What did … ?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)
    We ate Chinese food lastnight. →What did we eat last night?
    2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)
    They sang and dance in the musicroom yesterday morning.
    →Where did they sing and danceyesterday morning?
    3.Who + 动词过去式 … ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)
    Mike and Tom climbed mountainslast weekend.
    →Who climbed mountains lastweekend?

    四、句子结构
    1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。如:
    (1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。
    2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。如:
    I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
    3、各种句式
    (1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:
    主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。
    He worked in Shanghai tenyears ago.
    (2)一般过去时的否定句:
    a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语。 (did + not = didn't)
    He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
    b.主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +表语。(was + not = wasn't were+ not = weren't)
    He wasn't an English teacher tenyears ago.
    (3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:
    a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ?
    Did you study English in 1990 ?
    b.Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 ?
    Was he a pupil five years ago ?
    (4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
    a.特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语?
    Where did your parents live five years ago?
    What did you do last Sunday?
    b.特殊疑问词 + were/was + 表语?
    Who was at the zoo yesterday?


    1970-01-01   3赞       0踩       153浏览 评论(0)
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