Hi! 雅思写作入门系列讲解秀复课啦，并且改名为雅思写作入门系列节目。准备好小板凳/小马扎了吗？
今天的任务是整理第十五课落下的内容，以便第17课开始讲解雅思大作文的开头段与全文逻辑设计之间的关系。

Governments have long been discussed for whether they shall pay this expense on maintaining languages spoken by minorities. My opinion toward it has been supportive for languages spoken by little amount of people do have their dual values upon culture and history. One prerequisite lying as its basis seems to be divergences surrounding the necessity of expenses upon measures saving minor languages.
这是第十五讲当中的那一段开头段的文字版，也是那一段的完整版，大家等久了吧？
我写这一段一共用了三句话，第一句说明主题，第二在表明自己的观点以明确全文中心思想的基础上将my opinion设定成分为两部分写。但是注意，这篇作文题目要求的是Discuss both views and give your opinion. 这意味着如果第一段只有前两句话，那就只回答了give your opinion这半部分，说白了就是跑题。因此，最后一句话同样必不可少。这句话巧妙的把原本该放在前面说的discuss both views化解成了’prerequisite lying as its basis’(为它做基本铺垫的先决条件，这里的it指代前一句的my opinion)，并且用’ divergences surrounding the necessity of expenses upon measures saving minor languages’替代了对原题的复述，整句既清新整洁，也自然的限定了下一段只能写这里说的divergence，也就是题目当中给出的两个opinion.

第十四讲当中另两段的文字版在这：
1. 问题
In contemporary world, it happens to be private companies rather than government who pay for and carry out most scientific research.
Do you think the advantages overweigh the disadvantages?
例段
The advantages of privatization in scientific research are overweighed by its disadvantages in my opinion. Privatization upon research and development has undoubtedly lost its balance between its economic value and actual social requirement ever since marketing focus becomes its only direction. This after all leads to ignorance of numerous nonprofit making yet necessary research at the same time of over creating unnecessary development under several areas.
这是个典型的一边倒作文题。我写这个例段采取的是单刀直入的方式，第一句直接回答了题目当中的提问。但凡是一边倒的文章，这样的开篇方法都是切实可行的。这里唯一要注意的是第二句话和第三句话的关系，它们其实各自表述了下面要写的一个大方面。第二句话当中的写的lost balance到第三句话当中变成了this，紧接着的after all leads to表示第三句其实也是第二句的结果。对于这种含有因果关系的两个大方面，正确的写作顺序是文章的第一段(就是展示的这一段)当中设定好的顺序，即先写第二句话提到的大方面，后写第三句话提到的大方面。道理很简单，做好因果关系的两个句子本身就是个逻辑整体，接下来的一段当然要跟着设定好的逻辑走，而不是把最后一句当作引导句，导致第三段很难接。
如果你没看明白这一大段解释，没关系。下次讲解从开头段到逻辑主线的时候，你就会明白是怎么一回事了。

2. 问题
Charities and organizations always give special names to particular days such as ‘National Children’s Day’ and ‘National Non-smoking day.’
What are the reasons for these days to exist? How effective are they?
例段
Reasons for special days to exist do somehow present as public reminding upon either legal rights of a particular social group or a specified objective ever since years back. They are sociologically effective toward a slightly fluctuating extent which depends on a series of socioeconomic and political issues. Neither of these can nevertheless cover up causes and stories that specified days are kept for.
这一段的改动较大，但依然是题目问什么我就答什么的单刀直入式，只不过最后一句话自然的把话锋转回了第一句提到的设定那些纪念日的原因，以便第二段直接进入这一分论点。这段我且不进行更细致的分析，大家试着来分析看看吧。

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有兴趣和时间的孩纸们，下面的练习题留给你们：